This article covers the change in behavior for Android Mobile Connect 5.0 or later for evaluating EPC policies based on device ID.
Android 8.0 / Android Oreo / Android "O" has introduced behavioral change by developers of Android OS. More info could be found on Google's Documentation.
What Causes Device ID / Equipment ID Change:
NOTE:  Equipment ID Change is a one-time change and safe for all future upgrades.
 Affected Mobile Connect versions:
Since this is an OS change, not a change in Mobile Connect, all MC Android versions are affected. These include:
This is similar to the IOS issue Device ID changes on iOS devices when upgrading to Mobile Connect 5.0.